.RUUXSWLRQVEHNlPSQLQJYLDHOHDUQLQJ
*HQRPDWWXQGHUWHFNQD)1V*OREDO&RPSDFWSULQFLSHUKDU
$$.I|UEXQGLWVLJWLOODWWDUEHWDPRWNRUUXSWLRQ.RUUXSWLRQ
WDVRFNVnXSSLYnUHJHQXSSI|UDQGHNRGXSSI|UDQGHNRGHQ
I|UOHYHUDQW|UHUVDPWXSSI|UDQGHNRGHQI|UnWHUI|UVlOMDUHRFK
GLVWULEXW|UHU
.RUUXSWLRQXWJ|UHQYDQOLJULVNI|UYlUOGHQVI|UHWDJRFK
$$.KDUGlUI|UIDWWDWEHVOXWRPDWWDNWLYWI|UV|ND|ND
GHDQVWlOOGDVPHGYHWHQKHWRFKNXQVNDSRPNRUUXSWLRQ
(OHDUQLQJPRGXOHUVRPKDQGODURPNRUUXSWLRQVEHNlPSQLQJ
KDUODQVHUDWVLGHWWDV\IWH0RGXOHUQDlUFLUNDPLQXWHU
OnQJDRFKDYVOXWDVPHGHWWWHVWEHVWnHQGHDYÀHUYDOVIUnJRU
)|UDQVWlOOGDVRPO|SHUK|JUHULVNDWWXWVlWWDVI|UNRUUXSWLRQ
lUHWWJRGNlQWJHQRPI|UDQGHDYGHVVDPRGXOHUREOLJDWRULVNW
$UEHWVUlWW
$UEHWVUlWWVOLJDIUnJRU¿QQVPHGVRPHQGHODY$$.V&65
SROLF\VRPJlOOHUYLGNRQFHUQHQVVDPWOLJDDQOlJJQLQJDU
3ROLF\QEHVNULYHUEODQGDQQDWKXU$$.VHUSnEDUQDUEHWH
RFKXQJDDQVWlOOGDWYnQJVDUEHWHI|UHQLQJVIULKHWRFKUlWWHQ
WLOONROOHNWLYDI|UKDQGOLQJDU$Y$$.VDQVWlOOGDRPIDWWDV
DYNROOHNWLYDYWDO8QGHUI|UHNRPGHWLQJDVWUHMNHUSn
$$.VDQOlJJQLQJDU
$WWEHKDQGODPHGDUEHWDUQDOLNDRFKUlWWYLVWlUHQDQQDQ
YLNWLJGHODY&65SROLF\Q8QGHUUHJLVWUHUDGHVHWWIDOO
DYGLVNULPLQHULQJ(QRSHUDW|UL0HUNVHP%HOJLHQKLWWDGH
HQODSSPHGGLVNULPLQHUDQGHNRPPHQWDUHULVLWWVNnS(Q
NULVJUXSSELOGDGHVRFKGHWVNLFNDGHVHQORJJERNWLOO$$.V
KXYXGNRQWRUbUHQGHWXWUHGGHVEnGHDYSROLVRFKHQSULYDW
XWUHGDUHPHQGHWJLFNLQWHDWWVOnIDVWYHPGHQVN\OGLJD
YDU(WWDQWDONRUULJHUDQGHRFKI|UHE\JJDQGHnWJlUGHUKDU
HPHOOHUWLGYLGWDJLWV
9LUHGRYLVDULQWHQnJRQSURFHQWXHOOO|QHVNLOOQDGPHOODQ
PlQRFKNYLQQRUHIWHUVRPXSSJLIWHUQDLQWHVNXOOHJHHQ
VDQQELOGDYYHUNOLJKHWHQ*HQRPVQLWWVO|QHQSn$$.lU
K|JUHI|UPlQlQI|UNYLQQRUPHQGHWEHURULQWHSnDWW
PlQQHQVJUXQGO|QHUJHQHUHOOWlUK|JUHXWDQSnDWWPlQQHQL
DOOPlQKHWKDUMREEPHGK|JUHO|QHU0lQRFKNYLQQRUInUOLND
O|QI|UOLNDDUEHWH
%LGUDUWLOO